A presidium or praesidium is a council of executive officers in some political assemblies that collectively administers its business, either alongside an individual

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

or in place of one.

Communist states

Communist states A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state that is administered and governed by a communist party guided by Marxism–Leninism. Marxism–Leninism was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, the Comint ...

the presidium is the permanent committee of the legislative body, such as the Supreme Soviet in the

USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

. The

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (russian: Президиум Верховного Совета, Prezidium Verkhovnogo Soveta) was a body of state power in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).Supreme Soviet of the USSR The Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( rus, Верховный Совет Союза Советских Социалистических Республик, r=Verkhovnyy Sovet Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respubl ...

supplanted the Congress of Soviets of the USSR, as a replacement for the Central Executive Committee which was headed by "the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee". In its place was the

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (russian: Президиум Верховного Совета, Prezidium Verkhovnogo Soveta) was a body of state power in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet The Constitution of the Soviet Union recognised the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and the earlier Central Executive Committee (CEC) of the Congress of Soviets as the highest organs of state authority in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic ...

was the formal title of the head of state of the USSR until the office of Chairman of the Supreme Soviet was introduced in 1989, later to be replaced by the

President of the Soviet Union The president of the Soviet Union (russian: Президент Советского Союза, Prezident Sovetskogo Soyuza), officially the president of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (), abbreviated as president of the USSR (), was ...

in March 1990. The Republics of the Soviet Union were each led by Presidiums, such as the

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was the collective head of state of the Russian SFSR and the permanent body of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR that was accountable to the Supreme Sovi ...

and the

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Президія Верховної Ради УРСР, translit=Prezydiia Verkhovnoi Rady URSR), referred to between 1991 and 1996 as the Presidium of the Verkhovn ...

, whose chairmen were the ''de facto'' head of state in those republics. From 1952 to 1966, the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was known as the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, but despite the similarity in name with the

Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly The Supreme People's Assembly (SPA; ) is the unicameral legislature of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), commonly known as North Korea. It consists of one deputy from each of the DPRK's 687 constituencies, elected to five-year ...

) and in the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

(

Presidium of the National People's Congress The presidium of a session of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China is the presiding body of the National People's Congress (NPC). Composition It is composed of 178 senior officials of the Chinese Communist Party (CC ...

, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress; the Chinese word for ''presidium'' is while ''standing committee'' is ). In the same way, the

Workers' Party of Korea The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) is the founding and sole ruling party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, commonly known as North Korea. Founded in 1949 from the merger of the Workers' Party of North Korea and the Workers' Party ...

is led by the

Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea The Presidium of the Political Bureau of the Workers' Party of Korea, or simply the Presidium, and formerly known as the Standing Committee (1946–61), is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea. Historic ...

, made up of 5 members or fewer.

Other usage

Bangladesh

In the

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

i political party Awami League, the Presidium is the innermost or topmost circle of members who are of highest importance within the party.

European countries

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

, the Presidium of the Bundestag consists of a

, who traditionally represents the largest party group, and at least one vice president from each party group. It is responsible for the legislature's routine administration, nowadays including its clerical and research activities. The Bundesrat of Germany is also led by a

Presidium A presidium or praesidium is a council of executive officers in some political assemblies that collectively administers its business, either alongside an individual president or in place of one. Communist states In Communist states the presid ...

, of a President and 2 deputies. Earlier German states also had parliaments led by Presidiums; see

Presidium of the Reichstag (German Empire) Presidium of the Reichstag (German Empire) First legislative session 1871-1874 Second legislative session 1874-1877 Third legislative session 1877-1878 Fourth legislative session 1878-1881 Fifth legislative session 1881-1884 Sixth legisl ...

Presidium of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic) The Presidium of the Reichstag was a political office in the German Weimar Republic. It consisted of the President of the Reichstag (), First Deputy President (), Second Deputy President () and Third Deputy President (). The President was elected ...

Presidium of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany) Presidium of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany) It consisted of the Reichtagspräsident, Erster Stellvertreter (First Deputy President), Zweiter Stellvertreter (Second Deputy President) and Dritter Stellvertreter (Third Deputy President) 1. Legislative ...

and Presidium of the Volkskammer in

East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...

. Similarly, Norway's Parliament, the is led by a

, with a

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

and 5 vice-presidents. The Swedish is also led by a

of a Speaker and 3 deputies. The Hellenic Parliament in Greece is led by a

composed of the

Speaker Speaker may refer to: Society and politics * Speaker (politics), the presiding officer in a legislative assembly * Public speaker, one who gives a speech or lecture * A person producing speech: the producer of a given utterance, especially: ** I ...

, 7 deputies, 3 deans and 6 secretaries.

Non-state organisations

The Presidium of the

Socialist International The Socialist International (SI) is a political international or worldwide organisation of political parties which seek to establish democratic socialism. It consists mostly of socialist and labour-oriented political parties and organisations ...

advises its president and prepares questions for consideration. In Flemish and Scandinavian student organisations, ''presidium'' is an umbrella term for all the chairmen in the organisations' administration.

References